ABSTRACT
Introducción: La carrera de Medicina de la Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA) tiene como objetivo formar médicos generalistas. Sin embargo, el contacto con la Pediatría se realiza muy tardíamente y por un período de tiempo muy breve. Objetivo: Incorporar tempranamente objetivos y contenidos pediátricos a través de un curso extracurricular de Fisiología Pediátrica. Población y Métodos: Estuvo destinado a los estudiantes de los años 2011 al 2015 que se encontrasen cursando Fisiología. Constó de cuatro módulos temáticos teórico-prácticos. Se aplicó una misma prueba pre y post curso. A su vez se evaluó con el mismo examen a 60 ayudantes de Fisiología, 60 residentes de Pediatría y 60 especialistas. El diseño es de tipo experimental antes-después. Resultados: Los alumnos antes del curso no tuvieron diferencias significativas en conocimientos de Fisiología Pediátrica con los ayudantes de Fisiología evaluados. Ambos grupos mostraron niveles de conocimientos significativamente inferiores que los residentes y especialistas en Pediatría (p<0,00001; IC 95%). Luego del curso los alumnos mostraron un rendimiento sensiblemente superior (p<0,00001; IC 95%) sin diferencias significativas con los residentes y especialistas en Pediatría. Conclusiones: La realización del curso asimiló a los alumnos con los residentes y especialistas en Pediatría en cuanto a los objetivos y contenidos evaluados.
Introduction: The medical career at the School of Medicine of the University of Buenos Aires (UBA) is intended to train general practitioners. However, exposure to Pediatrics issues takes place lately during the career and for a very brief period of time. Objective: Incorporate pediatric objectives and contents at early stages of undergraduate medical training through an extracurricular course of Pediatric Physiology. Population and Methods:The course was aimed at students from the years 2011 to 2015 who were taking the regular Physiology course. It consisted of four thematic modules with cognitive and practical contents. A same test was applied pre and post course to all students. In addition, three other groups were evaluated with the same test: 60 Physiology assistant teachers, 60 Pediatrics residents and 60 experienced pediatricians. Study design is experimental before-after. Results:Students before the course had no significant differences in knowledge of Pediatric Physiology with the assistant teachers evaluated. Both groups showed levels of knowledge significantly lower than Pediatrics residents and experienced pediatricians. (p<0,00001; IC 95%). After the course the students achieved a significantly higher performance (p<0,00001; IC 95%), similar to the knowledge level of residents and pediatricians. Conclusions: The completion of the course assimilated students with Pediatrics residents and pediatricians regarding objectives and contents evaluated.
Subject(s)
Humans , Pediatrics , Physiology , Pediatrics/education , Physiology/educationABSTRACT
UNLABELLED: Vasoactive agents plus endoscopic treatment was recommended in esophageal variceal bleeding (EVB). However, the use according to severity on admission has been poorly evaluated OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the efficacy of endoscopic versus endoscopic plus octreotide treatment in patients with EVB according to severity on admission. METHODS: Between June 2001 and December 2011, 247 patients with EVB were treated using endoscopic or combined endoscopic plus octreotide treatment. Patients were analyzed according to the following cohorts: all patients, those with and without active bleeding, and by Child classes. Initial hemostatic failure, in-hospital rebleeding and in-hospital mortality were compared with both treatments. RESULTS: All patients with combined treatment had less initial hemostatic failure (P = 0.0157) and rebleeding (P = 0.0011) when compared to endoscopic treatment. Active bleeding patients and Child C patients had a significant reduction of initial hemostatic failure when receiving combined treatment vs endoscopic treatment (P = 0.0479 and P = 0.0222, respectively). Child C patients and patients without active bleeding significantly decreased rebleeding with combined treatment (P = 0.0139 and P = 0.0056, respectively). Global mortality was 17
, and did not differ between treatments. None patient in Child A died. CONCLUSIONS: Combined endoscopic plus octreotide treatment in patients with EVB resulted in a reduction of initial hemostatic failure and rebleeding. Moreover, the most relevant effect of combined treatment in decreasing initial hemostatic failure was seen in Child C and active bleeding patients, and for in-hospital rebleeding the same effect was seen in Child C and in patients without active bleeding. Mortality did not differ with both mentioned treatments.
Subject(s)
Esophagoscopy , Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage/therapy , Octreotide/therapeutic use , Esophageal and Gastric Varices/therapy , Vasoconstrictor Agents/therapeutic use , Female , Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage/etiology , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Treatment Outcome , Combined Modality Therapy , Esophageal and Gastric Varices/complications , Severity of Illness IndexABSTRACT
La hemorragia digestiva alta variceal es una de las complicaciones más graves en la hepatopatía crónica. El objetivo de este trabajo es identificar variables que predicen mortalidad hospitalaria. Material y métodos: 106 internaciones por esta patología desde octubre de 2001 hasta abril de 2006 en diseño de cohortes. Se confrontó mortalidad hospitalaria con edad, sexo, etiología de la hepatopatía, score APACHE II al ingreso, imensión de las várices evaluada endoscópicamente, severidad de la insuficiencia hepática evaluada por clases de Child Pugh, antecedente de hemorragia variceal, fracaso de la terapia endoscópica inicial, fracaso hemostático en las primeras 48hs y resangrado posterior a 48hs. Para identificar predictores independientes de mortalidad se seleccionaron todas las variables que correlacionaron significativamente con muerte hospitalaria. Para la variable cuantitativa score APACHE II de ingreso se consideró el valor que mejor discriminó mortalidad. Resultados: los predictores independientes de muerte hospitalaria fueron: el fracaso de la terapia endoscópica inicial (p=0,005), el fracaso hemostático en las primeras 48hs (p=0,012) y la clase C de Child Pugh (p=0,024). Si bien en el sexo masculino el score APACHE II al ingreso y el resangrado con posterioridad a las 48hs también correlacionaron con mortalimortalidad, no calificaron como predictores independientes. Conclusión: en portadores de hepatopatía crónica con hemorragia digestiva alta variceal y primera línea de tratamiento endoscópico, resultaron predictores independientes de muerte hospitalaria: 1) el fracaso de la terapia endoscópica hemostática inicial, 2) el fracaso hemostático en las primeras 48hs, y 3) la clase C de Child Pugh al ingreso.
Upper gastrointestinal variceal bleeding is one of the most serious complications in patients with chronic liver disease. The aim of this trial is to identify in hospital mortality predictors in this illness. Material and methods: 106 hospitalizations due to this disease from October 2001 to April 2006 in cohort design. In hospital mortality was confronted with age, sex, liver disease etiology, Apache II score at admission, variceal severity, severity of the hepatic failure evaluated according to the Child Pughs classes, a history of variceal bleeding, initial endoscopic treatment failure, haemostatic failure within the first 48 hours, and rebleeding after 48 hours from admission. In order to identify independent mortality predictors, all the variables correlated significantly with hospital mortality were selected. For the quantitative variable APACHE II score at admission, the best mortality discrimination value was chosen. Results: independent in hospital mortality predictors were: initial endoscopic treatment failure (p = 0,005), haemostatic failure in the first 48 hours (p = 0,012), and Child Pugh C class (p = 0,024). Although male sex, Apache II score at admission and rebleeding after 48 hours were also significantly related to mortality by univaried model, they did not qualify as independent predictors. Conclusions: the independent predictors of intrahospitalary mortality in patients with variceal bleeding due to chronic liver disease, and firstline of endoscopic treatment were: 1) Initial haemostatic endoscopic treatment failure, 2) Haemostatic failure in the first 48hs, and 3) Child Pugh C class hepatic failure at admission.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Esophageal and Gastric Varices/mortality , Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage/mortality , Liver Diseases/mortality , Chronic Disease , Epidemiologic Methods , Esophageal and Gastric Varices/etiology , Esophageal and Gastric Varices/therapy , Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage/etiology , Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage/therapy , Hemostasis, Endoscopic , Liver Diseases/complications , Treatment FailureABSTRACT
El endotelio arterial no es una simple barrera que separa la sangre circulante de la pared arterial sino que, por el contrario, es un elemento activo que cumple numerosas funciones metabólicas que participan en la biología de la circulación y de la propia pared arterial. Se señalan sus diversas funciones, analizándose particularmente las que se relacionan con la coagulación y la trombosis, las relacionadas con la vasomotilidad y las que concurren a mantener la integridad de la capa endotelial y su permeabilidad. Se sugiere una correlación entre las alteraciones de las funciones del endotelio con aspectos de la patogenia de la aterosclerosis en sus diversos estadíos